OrCAD® Flow Tutorial

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OrCAD® Flow Tutorial Product Version 16.2 November 2008 1996–2008 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Portions © Apache Software Foundation, Sun Microsystems, Free Software Foundation, Inc., Regents of the University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Florida. Used by permission. Printed in the United States of America. Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence), 2655 Seely Ave., San Jose, CA 95134, USA. OrCAD Capture, OrCAD Capture CIS, PSpice, OrCAD Layout, and OrCAD PCB Editor contains technology licensed from, and copyrighted by: Apache Software Foundation, 1901 Munsey Drive Forest Hill, MD 21050, USA © 2000-2005, Apache Software Foundation. Sun Microsystems, 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA © 1994-2007, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA © 1989, 1991, Free Software Foundation, Inc. Regents of the University of California, Sun Microsystems, Inc., Scriptics Corporation, © 2001, Regents of the University of California. Daniel Stenberg, © 1996 - 2006, Daniel Stenberg. UMFPACK © 2005, Timothy A. Davis, University of Florida, (davis@cise.ulf.edu). Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen © 1993-2002, Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA © 2003, the Board of Trustees of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Trademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. contained in this document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadence’s trademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 800.862.4522. Open SystemC, Open SystemC Initiative, OSCI, SystemC, and SystemC Initiative are trademarks or registered trademarks of Open SystemC Initiative, Inc. in the United States and other countries and are used with permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Restricted Permission: This publication is protected by copyright law and international treaties and contains trade secrets and proprietary information owned by Cadence. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this publication, or any portion of it, may result in civil and criminal penalties. Except as speciﬁed in this permission statement, this publication may not be copied, reproduced, modiﬁed, published, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, without prior written permission from Cadence. Unless otherwise agreed to by Cadence in writing, this statement grants Cadence customers permission to print one (1) hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions: 1. The publication may be used only in accordance with a written agreement between Cadence and its customer. 2. The publication may not be modiﬁed in any way. 3. Any authorized copy of the publication or portion thereof must include all original copyright, trademark, and other proprietary notices and this permission statement. 4. The information contained in this document cannot be used in the development of like products or software, whether for internal or external use, and shall not be used for the beneﬁt of any other party, whether or not for consideration. Patents: The product, described in this document, are protected by U.S. Patents 5,481,695; 5,510,998; 5,550,748; 5,590,049; 5,625,565; 5,715,408; 6,516,447; 6,594,799; 6,851,094; 7,017,137; 7,143,341; 7,168,041. Disclaimer: Information in this publication is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cadence. Except as may be explicitly set forth in such agreement, Cadence does not make, and expressly disclaims, any representations or warranties as to the completeness, accuracy or usefulness of the information contained in this document. Cadence does not warrant that use of such information will not infringe any third party rights, nor does Cadence assume any liability for damages or costs of any kind that may result from use of such information. Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR52.227-14 and DFAR252.227-7013 et seq. or its successor.OrCAD Flow Tutorial Contents 1 Introduction to the tutorial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Objective of the tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Using the tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Installing design example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Recommended reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 Creating a schematic design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Design example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Creating a design in Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Creating a project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Creating a ﬂat design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Creating a hierarchical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Navigating through a hierarchical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Processing a design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Adding part references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Creating a cross reference report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Generating a bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Getting your design ready for simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Adding Layout-speciﬁc properties 45 Design rules check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Recommended reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 November 2008 3 Product Version 16.2OrCAD Flow Tutorial 3 Simulating a design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Simulation using PSpice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Files generated by PSpice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Analysis types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Overview of the full adder design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Simulating the full adder design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Editing a simulation proﬁle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Running PSpice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Viewing Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Performing parametric analysis 68 Adding a variable circuit parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Adding a Plot Window Template marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Setting up parametric analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Running the simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Exporting output waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Recommended reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4 Board design using OrCAD Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Objective 78 Preparations in Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Running DRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Creating Layout netlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Creating a board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Launch Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Create the Layout board ﬁle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Creating a board outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Placing components 87 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 November 2008 4 Product Version 16.2OrCAD Flow Tutorial Manual routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Autorouting using Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Autorouting using SPECCTRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Renaming components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Back annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Cross probing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Generating output 101 Output ﬁles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Recommended reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5 Board design using OrCAD PCB Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Objective 106 Preparations in Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Running DRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Creating PCB Editor netlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 To know more about PCB Editor, see the PCB Editor tutorial. To open the tutorial, from the Start menu, choose Programs > OrCAD 16.0 > Tutorials > PCB Editor > Allegro PCB Editor Tutorial.Creating a board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Creating a board outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Adding mounting holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Placing components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Manual routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Autorouting using PCB Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Autorouting using SPECCTRA for OrCAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Post-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Renaming components manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Automatic Renaming of components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Back annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Cross probing and cross highlighting between PCB Editor and Capture . . . . . . . . . 136 November 2008 5 Product Version 16.2OrCAD Flow Tutorial Generating output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Output ﬁles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Recommended reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Glossary 145 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 November 2008 6 Product Version 16.2Introduction to the tutorial 1 This chapter consists of the following sections: Objective of the tutorial Using the tutorial What’s next Recommended reading Objective of the tutorial To enable users to evaluate the power of the OrCAD PCB tools used in the Windows-based PCB design process. You can use this tutorial to perform all the steps in the PCB design process. The tutorial focuses on the sequence of steps to be performed in the PCB design cycle for an electronic design, starting with capturing the electronic circuit, simulating the design with PSpice, through the PCB layout stages, and ﬁnishing with the processing of the manufacturing output and maintaining the design through ECO cycles. Tasks covered in this tutorial may not cover all the features of a tool. In this tutorial, the emphasis is on the steps that you will need to perform in each OrCAD tool so that your design works smoothly through the ﬂow. OrCAD Flow Tutorial 7Chapter 1 Introduction to the tutorial Product Version 16.2 The tutorial design example used in this tutorial works within the limits of the demo version of tools available in the OrCAD 16.2 CD. Audience This tutorial is useful for designers who want to use OrCAD tools for the complete PCB design ﬂow or for analog simulation ﬂow. You can also beneﬁt from the tutorial if you are a ﬁrst-time user of OrCAD Capture, PSpice, OrCAD Layout, OrCAD PCB Editor, or SPECCTRA for OrCAD. Using the tutorial To run through the complete tutorial, you need the design example and following tools: OrCAD Capture PSpice A/D OrCAD Layout or OrCAD PCB Editor SPECCTRA for OrCAD All these tools are available in the Unison Ultra suite except OrCAD PCB Editor, which is available in the OrCAD PCB Designer suite . Note: This tutorial does not cover the tasks included in Capture CIS. Installing design example Unzip the flowtut.zip ﬁle provided with this tutorial. The design ﬁles are available at /doc/flowtut/tutorial_exampl e. 8 OrCAD Flow TutorialProduct Version 16.2 Using the tutorial When you expand the design, the following directory structure will be created. The partial directory contains ﬁles generated at the end of Chapter 2, “Creating a schematic design.” Use the ﬁles in this directory only if you want to skip the design creation steps covered in Chapter 2 and directly move on to Chapter 3 or Chapter 4. The complete directory contains all the ﬁles generated through all the chapters in this tutorial. You can use the ﬁles in the complete directory to verify your results. Terminology OrCAD Capture OrCAD’s schematic design tool Capture (initial The terms OrCAD Capture CAPS) and Capture have been used interchangeably in the tutorial. PSpice OrCAD’s simulation tool, used for simulating both Analog and digital circuits. OrCAD Layout OrCAD tool used for PCB routing and ﬂoor-planning Layout The terms OrCAD Layout and Layout have been used interchangeably in the tutorial. OrCAD Flow Tutorial 9Chapter 1 Introduction to the tutorial Product Version 16.2 OrCAD PCB Editor OrCAD tool used for PCB routing and ﬂoor-planning. PCB Editor The terms OrCAD PCB Editor and PCB Editor have been used interchangeably in the tutorial. What’s next In the next chapter, Creating a schematic, you will use OrCAD Capture for creating a schematic design. You will learn to perform basic design tasks such as adding components from a library, adding wires, and getting your design ready for simulation. Recommended reading For more information about design suite conﬁgurations provided by OrCAD for affordable PCB design solutions, see the OrCAD® Unison Suites Flow Guide. For information about individual tools, see the respective User Guide. 10 OrCAD Flow Tutorial